15．Dieting is often doomed to failure．The problem is，we don't follow the rules we learn．No carbs after 6pm？No problem-until we're out for dinner，on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket．Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no，but ultimately，resisting temptation is the key to successful weight loss．
Now research from leading psychologists has identified the parts of the brain involved in resisting temptation，and how we can use them to stop reaching for chocolate cake．Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel，the psychologist who developed the ‘marshmallow test'，which demonstrated that if children were able to delay gratification（滿足感），they would be more successful in later life．Mischel's research has shown that to resist temptation，we have to shift activity away from the‘hot'parts of our brain to the‘cool'parts．The mind brain has two systems：one is cool，slow and deliberate，and allows for self-control，goal-setting and willpower-the‘no'system，if you like．The other is hot，emotional and instinctual，and present from birth-the‘go'system．
So when you see a chocolate cake，the‘hot'part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste，and the sugar rush that you have learnt a slice will give you．Instead of giving in，what you need to do is to activate the‘cool'part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing far-sightedness．Imagine the sense of satisfaction you'd get，from fitting into your favorite dress in a couple of weeks'time，say，or from losing your unsightly tummy bulge before you go sunbathing this summer．It's a simple strategy，but experiments have shown it is highly effective．
Perception is also important．Feasting your eyes on desirable food activates the hot system in the brain，which explains what we know instinctively：putting biscuits out of sight in a cupboard will mean you eat fewer of them．"The problem with diets is they are also full of pictures of delicious diet food； and all of this is just activating the hot system，"Mischel says．
Stress is another key issue．It has been shown to switch on the hot part of the brain and cause us to overeat．The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior．Then develop an action plan to deal with it．This might involve taking healthy snacks to work or finding ways to cope better with your time and emotions．
Brain scans have also shown that memory plays a significant role in overeating．If you habitually eat chocolate，for instance，then every time you see it，you remember the high．So the research is clear：if you want to be slim，fit and healthy，it's time to take control of your mind．
74．By saying‘Dieting is often doomed to failure'，the author declaresD．
A．It's always hard to set up rules we follow in dieting
B．We shouldn't have a flash point to keep a diet．
C．Losing weight is particularly hard to those who drink wine at dinner
D．People tend to give in when tempted with tasty food
75．Which of the following is TRUE about the‘marshmallow test'？B
A．It is developed by psychologists to help treat patients with mental diseases．
B．One of its major findings is the different functions of‘hot'and‘cold'parts with brain．
C．It urges that children should learn to delay gratification for later success．
D．The‘hot'part of our brain always wins over the‘cold'part in establishing our actions．
76．By using the example of‘chocolate cake'，the author aims toD．
A．prove fitting into your favorite dress can help you gain confidence．
B．suggest dieting people should put such food out of sight
C．convince us that chocolate is fattening but it can help release stress
D．explain how the two systems of our brain actually work
77．Accord to the passage，food advertisements are highly attempting for theyC．
A．can help release viewers'stress
B．enjoy great trust from the consumers
C．will easily motivate the‘hot'system
D．keep track of the memory bank．
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章向我們介紹了人腦中有冷熱兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)?熱"系統(tǒng)使人們的節(jié)食是注定失敗的，作者通過這篇文章告訴我們?nèi)绾蔚挚故澄锏恼T惑，而能抵抗誘惑是減肥的關(guān)鍵．
解答 74．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第一段No problem-until we're out for dinner，on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket．Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no，but ultimately，resisting temptation is the key to successful weight loss．可知人們無法抵擋美食的誘惑，因此作者說節(jié)食往往是注定要失敗的，故選D．
75．B 推理判斷題，根據(jù)第二段we have to shift activity away from the‘hot'parts of our brain to the‘cool'parts．The mind brain has two systems：one is cool，slow and deliberate，and allows for self-control，goal-setting and willpower the‘no'system，if you like．The other is hot，emotional and instinctual，and present from birth-the‘go'system．可知人腦中有"熱"和"冷"兩個(gè)部分，他們掌管著大腦中的不同功能，故選B．
76．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第三段So when you see a chocolate cake，the‘hot'part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste，and the sugar rush that you have learnt a slice will give you．Instead of giving in，what you need to do is to activate the‘cool'part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing far-sightedness．可知作者通過以"巧克力蛋糕"為例，說明了我們大腦的兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)實(shí)際上是如何工作的，故選D．
77．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第四段The problem with diets is they are also full of pictures of delicious diet food； and all of this is just activating the hot system，"Mischel says．可知食品廣告會(huì)激活人們腦中的"熱"系統(tǒng)，故選C．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
