Question

Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's because we have mirror neurons (神經(jīng)元）in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further： mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions _y they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to ( for example ："The hand took hold of the ball" ) , the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much researeh suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互動(dòng)）.Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物）for ncurosciencc of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does--well，perhaps you'll understand why.

1. 1.
   Mirror neurons can explain         .
   1. A.
      why we cry when we are hurt
   2. B.
      why we cough when we suffer from a cold
   3. C.
      why we smile when we see someone else smile
   4. D.
      why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
2. 2.
   The underlined word "triggered" in the third paragraph probably means “  ”
   1. A.
      set off
   2. B.
      cut off
   3. C.
      built up
   4. D.
      broken up
3. 3.
   We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons  .
   1. A.
      relate to human behavior and interaction
   2. B.
      control human physical actions and feelings
   3. C.
      result in bad behavior and social disorders
   4. D.
      determine our knowledge and language abilities
4. 4.
   What is the passage mainly about?
   1. A.
      Ways to find mirror neurons.
   2. B.
      Problems of mirror neurons.
   3. C.
      Existence of mirror neurons.
   4. D.
      Functions of mirror neurons.

Answer 1

CAAD
解釋微笑——說明類
【文章大意】你知道別人打呵欠你也跟著打呵欠，在眾多正在大笑的人群中而你很難不笑嗎？這是你的神經(jīng)元起作用，本文主要講述神經(jīng)元對(duì)于人類的行為和人類互動(dòng)的作用。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action.可知答案為C項(xiàng)。
2.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文的perform和本句的含義可知“如果他們給人們一些句子來聽，那么他們就會(huì)發(fā)出同樣的神經(jīng)元和進(jìn)行一些行為動(dòng)作一樣。所以劃線部分單詞意為“發(fā)出”和set off近義。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互動(dòng)）可知答案。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的疑問句引出神經(jīng)元和下文解釋神經(jīng)元對(duì)于人類行為和互動(dòng)提供更多的信息可以知道本文主要告訴我們mirror neurons的作用，D項(xiàng)能概括文章大意。
【長(zhǎng)難句解析】
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action.
簡(jiǎn)單地說，神經(jīng)元的存在說明每當(dāng)我們看到別人做其他事情的時(shí)候，無論我們是否想表演同樣的動(dòng)作，我們的大腦就都會(huì)模仿。
本句中的suggest意為“說明“，every time“每當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”，whether or not“無論是否”。