Sociologists have long recognized that organizations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.

   One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.

  The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.

 It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.

68．What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?

       A．An organization of less than 200 individuals.

       B．An organization of more than 200 individuals.

       C．An organization of less than 150 individuals.

       D．An organization of more than 150 individuals.

69．We can solve the communication problem within a large organization by         .

       A．a(chǎn)llowing free flow of information

       B．maintaining a formal structure of relationships

       C．structuring larger organizations into smaller units

       D．structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationship

70．After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation         .

       A．seemed to be more difficult                   B．seemed to be more satisfying

       C．seemed to be more successful               D．seemed to be more effective

71．What can b e concluded from the last paragraph?

       A．It’s unwise to do away with the coffee room when designing a new office building.

       B．The coffee room is the most important place in an office building.

       C．Useful information was formally being exchanged over their sandwiches in the coffee room.

       D．The coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury.

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