Among rich countries, people in the United States work the longest hours. They work much longer than in Europe. This difference is quite surprising because productivity per hour worked is the same in the United States as it is in France, Spain and Germany, and it is growing at a similar speed.

In most countries and at most times in history, as people have become richer they have chosen to work less. In other words they have decided to “spend” a part of their extra income on a fuller personal life. Over the last fifty years Europeans have continued this pattern, and hours of work have fallen sharply. But not in the United States. We do not fully know why this is. One reason may be greatly lower taxes in America, which increase the rewards (回報(bào)) to work. Another may be more satisfying work, or less satisfying personal lives.

Longer hours do of course increase the GDP (國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值). So the United States has produced more per worker than, say, France. The United Sates also has more of its people at work, while in France many more mothers and older workers have decided to stay at home. The overall result is that American GDP per head is 40% higher than in France, even though productivity per hour worked is the same.

It is not clear which of the two situations is better. As we have seen, work has to be compared with other values like family life, which often get lost in its interest. It is too early to explain the

different trends (趨勢(shì)) in happiness over time in different countries. But it is a disappointing idea that in the United States happiness has made no progress since 1975, while it has risen in Europe. Could this have anything to do with trends in the work-life balance (平衡)?

 

56．From the text we know that the author ___________.

       A．believes that longer working hours is better

       B．prefers shorter working hours to longer ones

       C．says nothing certain about which pattern is better

       D．thinks neither of the patterns is good

57．Which of the following countries has more of its people at work?

       A．Spain.                                             B．France.

       C．Germany.                                        D．America.

58．In the last paragraph, the underlined word “which” refers to __________.

       A．family life                                        B．situations

       C．other values                                     D．trends

59．What message can we get from the text?

       A．The GDP of Europe is higher than that of America.

       B．Two possible reasons are given for working longer hours in the US.

       C．People all over the world choose to work less when they are richer.

       D．Americans are happier than Europeans.

60．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

       A．Americans and Europeans.                B．Staying at Home.

       C．Work and Productivity.                     D．Work and Happiness.

 

 

 

56．A．

解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。依據(jù)文章第二段最后二句。

57．B．

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章第三段。

58．C．

解析：詞義推測(cè)題。依據(jù)文章最后一段“正如我們所看見的那樣，工作必須與像家庭生活一樣的其他價(jià)值相比較的話，它們往往就失去了其重要性”。

59．D．

解析：推理題。依據(jù)文章第二段最后三句。

60．B．

解析：主旨大意題。文章最后一段揭示了主題。

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