分析 (1)由f(x)=(x+k)ex,求導(dǎo)f′(x)=(x+k+1)ex,令f′(x)=0,求得x=-k-1,令f′(x)<0,解得函數(shù)的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間,f′(x)>0,解得函數(shù)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間,根據(jù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性即可求得f(x)的極值;
(2)當(dāng)-k-1≤0時(shí),f(x)在[0,3]單調(diào)遞增,f(x)的最小值為f(0)=k,當(dāng)-k-1≥3時(shí),f(x)在[0,3]單調(diào)遞減,f(x)的最小值為f(3)=(3+k)e3,當(dāng)0<-k-1<3時(shí),則x=-k-1時(shí),f(x)取最小值,最小值為:-e-k-1;
(3)由g(x)=(2x+2k+1)ex,求導(dǎo)g′(x)=(2x+2k+1)ex,當(dāng)g′(x)<0,解得:x<-k-$\frac{3}{2}$,求得函數(shù)的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間,當(dāng)g′(x)>0,解得:x>-k-$\frac{3}{2}$,求得函數(shù)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間,由題意可知g(x)≥λ,?x∈[0,2]恒成立,等價(jià)于g(-k-$\frac{3}{2}$)=-2${e}^{-k-\frac{3}{2}}$≥λ,由-2${e}^{-k-\frac{3}{2}}$≥λ,對(duì)?k∈[-$\frac{7}{2}$,-$\frac{3}{2}}$]恒成立,根據(jù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,即可求得實(shí)數(shù)λ的取值范圍.
解答 解:(1)f(x)=(x+k)ex(k∈R),求導(dǎo)f′(x)=(x+k)ex+ex=(x+k+1)ex,
令f′(x)=0,解得:x=-k-1,
當(dāng)x<-k-1時(shí),f′(x)<0,
當(dāng)x>-k-1時(shí),f′(x)>0,
x | (-∞,-k-1) | -k-1 | (-k-1,+∞) |
f′(x) | - | 0 | + |
f(x) | ↓ | -e-k-1 | ↑ |
∴f(x)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間(-k-1,+∞),單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間(-∞,-k-1),
∴當(dāng)x=-k-1,f(x)取極小值,極小值為f(-k-1)=-e
-k-1;
(2)當(dāng)-k-1≤0時(shí),即k≥-1時(shí),f(x)在[0,3]單調(diào)遞增,
∴當(dāng)k=0時(shí),f(x)的最小值為f(0)=k,
當(dāng)-k-1≥3時(shí),即k≤-4時(shí),f(x)在[0,3]單調(diào)遞減,
∴當(dāng)x=3時(shí),f(x)的最小值為f(3)=(3+k)e
3,
當(dāng)0<-k-1<3時(shí),解得:1<k<4時(shí),
∴f(x)在[0,-k-1]單調(diào)遞減,在[-k-1,+∞]單調(diào)遞增,
∴當(dāng)x=-k-1時(shí),f(x)取最小值,最小值為:-e
-k-1;
(3)g(x)=f(x)+f'(x)=(x+k)e
x+(x+k+1)e
x=(2x+2k+1)e
x,
求導(dǎo)g′(x)=(2x+2k+1)e
x+2e
x=(2x+2k+3)e
x,
令g′(0)=0,2x+2k+3=0,x=-k-$\frac{3}{2}$,
當(dāng)x<-k-$\frac{3}{2}$時(shí),g′(x)<0,
當(dāng)x>-k-$\frac{3}{2}$時(shí),g′(x)>0,
∴g(x)在(-∞,-k-$\frac{3}{2}$)單調(diào)遞減,在(-k-$\frac{3}{2}$,+∞)單調(diào)遞增,
故當(dāng)x=-k-$\frac{3}{2}$,g(x)取最小值,最小值為:g(-k-$\frac{3}{2}$)=-2${e}^{-k-\frac{3}{2}}$,
∵k∈[-$\frac{7}{2}$,-$\frac{3}{2}}$],即-k-$\frac{3}{2}$∈[0,2],
∴?x∈[0,2],g(x)的最小值,g(-k-$\frac{3}{2}$)=-2${e}^{-k-\frac{3}{2}}$,
∴g(x)≥λ,?x∈[0,2]恒成立,等價(jià)于g(-k-$\frac{3}{2}$)=-2${e}^{-k-\frac{3}{2}}$≥λ,
由-2${e}^{-k-\frac{3}{2}}$≥λ,對(duì)?k∈[-$\frac{7}{2}$,-$\frac{3}{2}}$]恒成立,
∴λ≤(-2${e}^{-k-\frac{3}{2}}$)最小值,
令h(k)=-2${e}^{-k-\frac{3}{2}}$,k∈[-$\frac{7}{2}$,-$\frac{3}{2}}$],
由指數(shù)函數(shù)的性質(zhì),函數(shù)h(k)在k∈[-$\frac{7}{2}$,-$\frac{3}{2}}$]單調(diào)遞增,
∴當(dāng)k=-$\frac{7}{2}$時(shí),h(k)取最小值,h(-$\frac{7}{2}$)=-2e
2,
∴λ≤-2e
2.
∴實(shí)數(shù)λ的取值范圍(-∞,-2e
2).
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本題考查利用到時(shí)研究函數(shù)的單調(diào)性和在閉區(qū)間上的最值,考查函數(shù)導(dǎo)數(shù)的運(yùn)算,考查轉(zhuǎn)化思想,考查計(jì)算能力,屬于難題.