解:(1)當(dāng)|t|<2時(shí),由
得:
=-k+(t
2-3)t=0,
得k=f(t)=t
3-3t(|t|<2)
當(dāng)|t|>2時(shí),由
得:k=
所以k=f(t)=
(5分)
(2)當(dāng)|t|<2時(shí),f′(t)=3t
2-3,由f′(t)<0,得3t
2-3<0
解得-1<t<1,
當(dāng)|t|>2時(shí),f′(t)=
=
>0
∴函數(shù)f(t)的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間是(-1,1).(4分)
(3)當(dāng)|t|<2時(shí),由f′(t)=3t
2-3=0得t=1或t=-1
∵1<|t|<2時(shí),f′(t)>0
∴f(t)
極大值=f(-1)=2,f(t)
極小值=f(1)=-2
又f(2)=8-6=2,f(-2)=-8+6=-2
當(dāng)t>2時(shí),f(t)=
<0,
又由f′(t)>0知f(t)單調(diào)遞增,∴f(t)>f(2)=-2,
即當(dāng)t>2時(shí),-2<f(t)<0,
同理可求,當(dāng)t<-2時(shí),有0<f(t)<2,
綜合上述得,當(dāng)t=-1或t=2時(shí),f(t)取最大值2
當(dāng)t=1或t=-2時(shí),f(t)取最小值-2(5分)
分析:(1)利用向量垂直的充要條件及向量共線的充要條件列出關(guān)于k,t的方程,分離出k即為函數(shù)關(guān)系式k=f (t );
(2)分段求出函數(shù)的導(dǎo)函數(shù),求出導(dǎo)函數(shù)小于0的x的范圍,寫出區(qū)間形式即得到函數(shù)f (t )的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間.
(3)利用(2)求出函數(shù)的極值.再求出區(qū)間的兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)的函數(shù)值,選出最值.
點(diǎn)評(píng):求分段函數(shù)的單調(diào)區(qū)間及極值、最值應(yīng)該分段求,再選出最值.