下列物質(zhì)進(jìn)行一氯取代反應(yīng)后,只能生成四種沸點(diǎn)不同產(chǎn)物的烴是( )
| A. | (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH3 | B. | (CH3CH2)2CHCH3 |
| C. | (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2 | D. | (CH3)3CCH2CH3 |
同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象和同分異構(gòu)體. | |
專題: | 同分異構(gòu)體的類型及其判定. |
分析: | 某烷烴發(fā)生氯代反應(yīng)后,只能生成三種沸點(diǎn)不同的一氯代產(chǎn)物,則說明該有機(jī)物的一氯代物有3種;根據(jù)等效氫原子來判斷各烷烴中氫原子的種類,有幾種類型的氫原子就有幾種一氯代物,據(jù)此進(jìn)行解答. |
解答: | 解:A.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH3即為:png_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,分子中含有5種位置不同的H原子,所以其一氯代物有5種,故A錯(cuò)誤; B.(CH3CH2)2CHCH3即為:png_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,分子中含有4種位置不同的H原子,故其一氯代物有4種,故B正確; C.(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2即為:,分子中含有2種化學(xué)環(huán)境不同的H原子,所以其一氯代物有2種,故C錯(cuò)誤; D.(CH3)3CCH2CH3即為:,分子中含有3種化學(xué)環(huán)境不同的H原子,其一氯代物有3種,故D錯(cuò)誤; 故選B. |
點(diǎn)評(píng): | 本題考查了常見有機(jī)物的同分異構(gòu)體的求算,題目難度中等,注意掌握書寫同分異構(gòu)體的方法,明確判斷有機(jī)物分子中等效氫原子的方法:①分子中同一甲基上連接的氫原子等效;②同一碳原子所連甲基上的氫原子等效;③處于鏡面對(duì)稱位置(相當(dāng)于平面成像時(shí),物與像的關(guān)系)上的氫原子等效. |
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科目:高中化學(xué) 來源: 題型:
乳酸分子式為C3H6O3,在一定的條件下可發(fā)生許多化學(xué)反應(yīng),下圖是采用化學(xué)方法對(duì)乳酸進(jìn)行加工處理的過程,其中A、H、G為鏈狀高分子化合物.(已知﹣OH,﹣COOH等為親水基團(tuán),F(xiàn)常做內(nèi)燃機(jī)的抗凍劑)請(qǐng)回答相關(guān)問題:
(1)推斷結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式,C: ;F: .
(2)B中所含的官能團(tuán)有 ;反應(yīng)③的反應(yīng)類型是 .
(3)反應(yīng)①的化學(xué)方程式為 .
(4)作為隱形眼鏡的制作材料,對(duì)其性能的要求除應(yīng)具有良好的光學(xué)性能外,還應(yīng)具有良好的透氣性和親水性.一般采用E的聚合物G而不是D的聚合物H來制作隱形眼鏡,其主要理由是 .
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科目:高中化學(xué) 來源: 題型:
(1)已知膽礬失水的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式為:CuSO4•5H2O(s)=CuSO4(s)+5H2O(l);△H=+Q1kJ/mol
(2)室溫下,無(wú)水硫酸銅溶于水的熱化學(xué)方程式為:
CuSO4(s)=Cu2+(aq)+SO42﹣(aq);△H=﹣Q2kJ/mol
(3)膽礬溶于水時(shí),溶液溫度降低.Q1與Q2的關(guān)系是(Q1、Q2為正數(shù))( 。
| A. | Q1>Q2 | B. | Q1=Q2 | C. | Q1<Q2 | D. | 無(wú)法確定 |
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科目:高中化學(xué) 來源: 題型:
下列說法或表示方法正確的是( 。
| A. | 等質(zhì)量的硫蒸氣和硫固體分別完全燃燒,后者放出的能量多 |
| B. | 由C(石墨)→C(金剛石)△H=+119kJ•mol﹣1可知,金剛石比石墨穩(wěn)定 |
| C. | 在101kPa時(shí),2gH2完全燃燒生成液態(tài)水,放出285.8kJ熱量,則H2燃燒熱的化學(xué)方程式表示為:2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)△H=﹣571.6kJ•mol﹣1 |
| D. | 在稀溶液中,H+(aq)+OH﹣(aq)═(H2O)(l)△H=﹣57.3kJ•mol﹣1,若將含0.5mol H2SO4的濃硫酸與含1mol NaOH的溶液混合,放出的熱量大于57.3kJ |
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科目:高中化學(xué) 來源: 題型:
下列有關(guān)生活生產(chǎn)中的敘述合理的是( )
| A. | 硫酸工業(yè)中SO2轉(zhuǎn)化為SO3時(shí)采用常壓,是因?yàn)樵龃髩簭?qiáng)不會(huì)提高SO2的轉(zhuǎn)化率 |
| B. | 打開啤酒瓶的瓶蓋,有大量的氣泡冒出來,該現(xiàn)象不能用勒夏特列原理解釋 |
| C. | 氯堿工業(yè)中用離子交換膜電解槽電解時(shí),往陰極室注入經(jīng)過精制的飽和NaCl溶液,往陽(yáng)極室注入稀氫氧化鈉溶液(或去離子水) |
| D. | 工業(yè)上合成氨采用500℃左右的溫度,最主要原因是該反應(yīng)的催化劑在500℃左右時(shí)活性最好 |
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