【題目】有兩只電壓表V1和V2，量程已知，電阻未知。另有一干電池，它的內(nèi)阻不能忽略，但不知等于多少，其電動(dòng)勢(shì)數(shù)值不超出電壓表的量程，干電池不許拆開�，F(xiàn)給你上述兩只電壓表、一個(gè)開關(guān)S和若干導(dǎo)線，請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)測(cè)量上述干電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)E的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案。

（1）畫出測(cè)量電路圖。

（2）實(shí)驗(yàn)中應(yīng)測(cè)定的物理量是：________。

（3）以測(cè)得的物理量為已知量，導(dǎo)出計(jì)算干電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)的公式E＝________。

【答案】（1）如圖

（2）S閉合時(shí)電壓表V1的示數(shù)U1

S斷開時(shí)電壓表V1、V2的示數(shù)U1′、U2′

（3）

【解析】（1）電路圖如下

（2）S閉合時(shí)，V1示數(shù)為U1；S斷開時(shí)，V1、V2的示數(shù)分別為U1′和U2′。

（3）設(shè)V1表的內(nèi)電阻為RV，由閉合電路歐姆定律

E＝U1＋r，E＝U1′＋U2′＋r

解得：E＝

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