【題目】閱讀下面文字，完成各題。

材料一

圓夢正當(dāng)時，中國夢激蕩最大“海歸潮”

優(yōu)惠的政府政策、全球最活躍的經(jīng)濟、快速發(fā)展的高新產(chǎn)業(yè)、持續(xù)投入的科教事業(yè)、濃厚的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)氛圍以及海內(nèi)外“人才、項目、技術(shù)、市場、資本、場地、服務(wù)”全面對接的平臺，正吸引越來越多海外學(xué)子歸國追夢。

國外媒體評價，全球沒有哪個國家像中國這樣重視、這樣大規(guī)模、這樣專業(yè)化地吸引人才回國。

“現(xiàn)在，海歸回國主要是被‘吸’回來的。”中國歐美同學(xué)會副會長王輝耀說，隨著綜合國力不斷提升，中國比歷史上任何時期都更加靠近世界舞臺中心，也比以往任何時期更有條件、更有能力吸引全球人才。

詹天佑、茅以升、錢學(xué)森、鄧稼先……縱觀歷史，一批又一批莘莘學(xué)子赴外求學(xué)、歸國興邦。

今天，除了擁有前輩們的愛國之情、強國之志、報國之行，吸引大量海歸人才歸來的，還包括自我價值與個人夢想的實現(xiàn)。

然而，在全球競爭中發(fā)展成一個人才大國、人才強國，仍需下更大決心、更大力氣。一份面向全國200多所高校的問卷調(diào)查顯示，“編制過死、編制偏緊”是人才管理中面臨的最突出問題。從人才發(fā)展上看，經(jīng)過多年努力，我國人才隊伍建設(shè)取得巨大成就，但還存在體制不順、機制不活、布局不優(yōu)、效率不高等困境，破解這些“瓶頸”，唯有堅定不移地深化改革。

（選自2月22日《人民日報》，有刪改）

附圖：

材料二

新東方海威時代與全球化智庫（CCG）共同發(fā)布了《2016年中國海歸就業(yè)調(diào)查報告》。《報告》顯示，六成企業(yè)在招聘時仍更傾向于使用海歸人才，而82.5%的單位均在一定程度上對海歸員工采取了傾斜性優(yōu)待（如更核心的崗位，較高起薪等）。

而機遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存的是，身處海外的留學(xué)生在回歸本土職場的過程中也遭遇了些許不利因素�！秷蟾妗方Y(jié)果顯示，多數(shù)企業(yè)的招聘崗位數(shù)量，招聘時間，招聘渠道對海歸求職較為不利。同時，海歸人才在求職過程中也暴露出對國內(nèi)就業(yè)形勢不了解，錯過企業(yè)招聘季以及缺乏明確職業(yè)規(guī)劃等問題。超過50%的海歸認(rèn)為不了解國內(nèi)就業(yè)形勢和企業(yè)需求是回國就業(yè)的第一不利因素，同時47.3%和32.4%的受訪人員認(rèn)為回國時間錯過校招季以及崗位海投效率低這兩大因素導(dǎo)致了海歸回國就業(yè)難度增大。

（摘自中國新聞網(wǎng)，有刪改）

材料三

日前，楊振寧、姚期智兩位老科學(xué)家放棄外國國籍、轉(zhuǎn)為中科院院士一事，引發(fā)熱烈關(guān)注。

在輿論場上，以耄耋之齡回歸故土的楊振寧更是備受關(guān)注。已近百歲之齡的楊振寧，估計已不會如年輕時那般埋頭扎根于科研一線，或許正如他本人所述，“我的身體里循環(huán)著的是父親的血液，是中華文化的血液”，是文化的歸屬感讓他對故土戀戀不舍。亦或是科學(xué)上的引路精神讓他回來發(fā)揮“余熱”，為后來者指引前路，如他自己在詩中所說：“學(xué)子凌云志，我當(dāng)指路松。”

楊振寧選擇入籍，是他對晚年道路的選擇，從某種程度上說，這與國家的道路選擇是交叉的。得益于改革開放三十多年來所創(chuàng)造的開放環(huán)境，對世界潮流的融入，楊振寧的歸來方才有了現(xiàn)實的可能；而楊振寧等一批海外科學(xué)家的歸來，又會給中國科研帶來從項目到建制與世界接軌的機會。

對于中國來說，迎來楊振寧桑榆晚年的同時，也不可否認(rèn)，錯過了楊振寧最輝煌的科研生涯。由此，未來的方向也當(dāng)因之厘清：讓更多科學(xué)家們愿意留在這片土地上，誕生出最精尖的科研成果，不僅是因為中華文化的血液，更因為是先進(jìn)的設(shè)備、優(yōu)厚的條件、社會的理智與尊重、環(huán)境的平和與包容。

（來自光明網(wǎng)，作者“光明網(wǎng)評論員”，有刪改）

【1】下列針對上訴材料的理解準(zhǔn)確的一項是（ ）

A．三則材料都認(rèn)為在當(dāng)下我國的“海歸”熱潮中，一方面海外留學(xué)人員踴躍回歸祖國，另一方面在人才回國的過程中還存在著一些亟待解決的問題。

B．第一則材料是一篇新聞報道，客觀地介紹了海外留學(xué)人才為實現(xiàn)自我價值和個人夢想，積極回國創(chuàng)業(yè)，釋放出巨大的發(fā)展能量。

C．第二則材料是調(diào)查報告，反映了海歸人才在回國求職就業(yè)過程中遇到的不利因素，為他們在國內(nèi)的職業(yè)發(fā)展提出建議、指明方向。

D．第三則材料是新聞評論，該評論認(rèn)為楊振寧回歸中國國籍這一事件彰顯中國改革開放的巨大成就，更體現(xiàn)了中華文化的吸引力。

【2】下列針對上述材料分析合理的兩項是（ ）

A．我國出國留學(xué)及留學(xué)歸國人數(shù)逐年增加，出國人數(shù)和回國人數(shù)之間的差距逐年縮小�？梢灶A(yù)見，在未來幾年，這樣的發(fā)展趨勢將持續(xù)下去。

B．在吸收海歸人才的過程中出現(xiàn)的問題，都源自我們在人才管理中“編制過死，編制偏緊”的體制，這些問題的解決需要堅定不移的深化改革。

C．海外科技人才的大量回歸，有助于我們學(xué)習(xí)借鑒世界各國的優(yōu)秀科技成果，有助于中國科研從項目到建制與國際接軌。

D．楊振寧、姚期智兩位老科學(xué)家在耄耋之齡轉(zhuǎn)為中國公民，雖然已經(jīng)不能在科研上為祖國做出貢獻(xiàn)，但他們?yōu)楦嗟暮Ｍ饩⒆龀隽朔e極示范。

E．當(dāng)前，無論是回國創(chuàng)業(yè)還是入職國內(nèi)企業(yè)，海歸人才都能找到適合自己發(fā)揮的領(lǐng)域，可以很好的把個人的夢想和國家的發(fā)展緊密聯(lián)系起來。

【3】請綜合三則材料歸納我國當(dāng)前出現(xiàn)“海歸”熱潮的主要原因。

答：

【答案】

【1】C

【2】AC

【3】①國家政策引導(dǎo)扶持海外人才回國創(chuàng)業(yè)。②中國國家實力的增強，與世界潮流接軌的強烈愿望。⑧先進(jìn)的設(shè)備、優(yōu)厚的條件、社會的理智與尊重、環(huán)境的平和與包容從而因造出的濃厚的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)氛圍。④海外人才的愛國之情、強國之志、報國之行。⑤為了實現(xiàn)自我價值與個人夢想。

【解析】

【1】A項，第三則材料沒有指出“海歸”過程中存在的問題；B項，“海歸”回國并非只為了“實現(xiàn)自我價值和個人夢想”，而且還懷揣“愛國之情、強國之志、報國之行”。D項，不是體現(xiàn)文化吸引力，而是體現(xiàn)文化歸屬感。

【2】B項，吸收海外人才過程中的問題也有留學(xué)生自己對國內(nèi)形勢不了解等原因；D項，老科學(xué)在科研上還可以起引領(lǐng)和示范的作用；E項，并非所有的海歸人才都能找到適合自己發(fā)揮的領(lǐng)域。

【3】“海歸”熱潮產(chǎn)生的原因無非有外因和內(nèi)因（個人原因），外因包括國家層面（政策、國家實力、就業(yè)環(huán)境等）用人單位層面（先進(jìn)的設(shè)備、優(yōu)厚的條件等），內(nèi)因包括個人的理想、價值觀等。

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