【題目】閱讀下面這首宋詩，完成后面的題目。

題杜子美書室

趙

直將騷雅①鎮(zhèn)澆淫②，瓊貝千章照古今。

天地不能籠大句，鬼神無處避幽吟。

幾逃兵火③羈危極，欲厚民生意思深。

茅屋一間遺像在，有誰于世是知音？

【注】 ①騷雅：騷，指《離騷》；雅，代指《詩經(jīng)》。②澆淫：指不良風(fēng)氣。③兵火：指安史之亂的戰(zhàn)火。

(1)從前兩聯(lián)看，杜甫的詩歌有哪些特點(diǎn)？請結(jié)合詩句簡要說明。

答：________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(2)本詩抒發(fā)了作者什么樣的思想感情？請結(jié)合全詩簡要分析。

答：________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

【答案】(1)①思想純正：杜詩和《離騷》《詩經(jīng)》這些雅正高尚的作品一樣，能壓制不良風(fēng)氣，教化人心。②藝術(shù)精美：杜詩如美玉珠貝，光彩照耀古今，足為典范。③氣魄宏大：天地雖大，也不能將杜詩籠罩其中，可見杜詩的氣魄之宏大。④表現(xiàn)力極強(qiáng)：連難以表現(xiàn)的鬼神也被杜詩描繪得無處遁形，可見杜詩描寫萬物窮形盡相。

(2)①對杜詩偉大成就的贊美：前兩聯(lián)寫杜甫詩歌在思想內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)上的特點(diǎn)，表達(dá)了對杜詩非凡成就的贊美。②對杜甫坎坷人生的同情：第五句寫杜甫多次在戰(zhàn)亂中逃亡，幾度陷于危難，表達(dá)了對杜甫的深切同情。③對杜甫仁愛無私的偉大情懷的景仰：第六句寫杜甫在困境中依然希望造福百姓，體現(xiàn)出對杜甫不顧個人安危、心系天下蒼生的大仁大愛的景仰之情。④對雅道淪喪、世風(fēng)頹敗的社會現(xiàn)狀的不滿(或“慨嘆”)：尾聯(lián)寫杜甫的遺像留在簡陋的茅屋中，而當(dāng)今世上知音寥寥，足見杜甫的藝術(shù)精神、高尚情懷沒有得到傳承，作者對此深感不滿與哀傷。(第④點(diǎn)答“對杜甫身后冷清的同情”并恰當(dāng)分析也可)

【解析】(1)要準(zhǔn)確解答此題，首先要弄懂前兩聯(lián)詩句的意思，然后從每一句的具體表述中概括出杜詩的特點(diǎn)，最后用相應(yīng)的詩句意思對特點(diǎn)加以說明。

(2)詩歌的思想感情可以直接抒發(fā)，也可以蘊(yùn)含在具體的描寫敘述中，后者尤為普遍。要準(zhǔn)確解答此題，需要弄懂詩句的意思，將蘊(yùn)含在所寫內(nèi)容之中的情感挖掘出來。詩歌的前四句寫了杜詩的偉大成就，所以其情感就是“對杜詩偉大成就的贊美”。第五句寫杜甫的不幸遭遇，所以情感就是“對杜甫坎坷人生的同情”。用同樣的方式，可以分析出剩下三句詩蘊(yùn)含的思想感情。

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