【題目】如圖,該曲線表示一人騎自行車離家的距離與時間的關(guān)系.騎車者9時離開家,15時回家.根據(jù)這個曲線圖,請你回答下列問題:
(1)最初到達離家最遠的地方是什么時間?離家多遠?
(2)何時開始第一次休息?休息多長時間?
(3)第一次休息時,離家多遠?
(4)11:00到12:00他騎了多少千米?
(5)他在9:00~10:00和10:00~10:30的平均速度分別是多少?
(6)他在哪段時間里停止前進并休息用午餐?
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【題目】水量盈余率是衡量水庫蓄水量變化的重要指標(biāo)(水量盈余率=流入量/流出量),下表為某水庫各月水量盈余率統(tǒng)計表。讀下表完成下面小題。
月份 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
水量盈余率 | 1.31 | 1.21 | 1 | 0.93 | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.78 | 0.89 | 1 | 1.18 | 1.29 | 1.4 |
【1】下列說法正確的是
A.12月份水庫的儲水量最大B.3月份水庫的儲水量最大
C.6月份水庫的儲水量最小D.9月份水庫的儲水量最大
【2】該水庫最有可能位于
A.西歐地區(qū)B.東南亞地區(qū)C.地中海地區(qū)D.中亞地區(qū)
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【題目】 20世紀(jì)70年代,英國為改善城市中心區(qū)夜晚空巢現(xiàn)象,首次提出“夜經(jīng)濟”理念,它通常指當(dāng)日18:00至次日6:00所發(fā)生的以服務(wù)業(yè)為主的經(jīng)濟行為。此后,倫敦采取一系列措施發(fā)展夜經(jīng)濟。夜經(jīng)濟也成為當(dāng)前中國的一大經(jīng)濟和社會熱詞,2019年7月《北京市關(guān)于進一步繁榮夜間經(jīng)濟促進消費增長的措施》正式出爐。據(jù)此完成下面小題。
【1】倫敦發(fā)展夜經(jīng)濟的原因是( )
A.緯度高、白晝時間短B.提升城市等級
C.增強城市的服務(wù)功能D.迎合當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆盍?xí)慣
【2】下列措施有利于倫敦發(fā)展夜經(jīng)濟的是( )
①開通“通宵地鐵”,方便人們出行 ②建立管理機構(gòu),做好統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)
③關(guān)閉城市書房等文化場所 ④增加夜間餐飲、購物服務(wù)
A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④
【3】借鑒倫敦經(jīng)驗,北京發(fā)展夜經(jīng)濟需要( )
①在奧林匹克公園、王府井等不同地段進行差異化打造 ②增加郊區(qū)24小時便利店的密度
③考慮夜間消費的季節(jié)差異 ④增加既有夜間線路發(fā)車間隔
A.①②B.②③C.①③D.③④
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【題目】要建造一個容積為1 600立方米,深為4米的長方體無蓋蓄水池,池壁的造價為每平方米200元,池底的造價為每平方米100元.
(1)把總造價y元表示為池底的一邊長x米的函數(shù);
(2)由于場地原因,蓄水池的一邊長不能超過20米,問蓄水池的這個底邊長為多少時總造價最低?總造價最低是多少?
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【題目】閱讀理解
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項 (A 、B 、C 和 D )中,選出最佳選項。
In 1841, a book was published which astonished the world. It was called “Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan”. The author John Loud Stephens had just returned from a long, difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rain forest of southern Mexico and Guatemala. He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood, an architect and artist, to search for the remains of a lost civilization known as the Mayas(瑪雅). Very little was known about the Mayas at that time, but Catherwood's drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples, pyramids and other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbors, the Aztecs. These cities, however, were deserted. The inhabitants(居民) had disappeared almost a thousand years before.
Since that time, far more has been learned about this remarkable civilization. The Mayas had a highly-developed system of government and of agriculture, as well as an incredibly accurate system of measuring time. They were also wonderful engineers capable of moving huge blocks stone long distances and cutting them to accurate shapes and sizes.
And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel, they never used it. Neither did they use metals other than copper. What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned many of their cities and built new ones in the jungle. Some time around AD 900, Mayan civilization collapsed(崩潰). By the year 1200, their last great capital,
Who were these strange people and the even stranger gods they worshipped? What brought about their sudden and mysterious collapse? Some writers have tried to prove that the Mayas had contact with visitors from space and even that they themselves came from another planet. Some people believe that their civilization came to an end because the Mayas never developed a proper resistance to local germs and diseases. All we really know is that when the first Europeans appeared off their coast in 1517, this great and mysterious culture was only a memory.
【1】Stephen's book astonished the world because .
A. it was the first time people heard about Mayas
B. the Mayas were excellent builders and farmers
C. he had experienced so may difficulties to find this lost civilization
D. it described that the Mayas used to be an advanced civilization
【2】 One of the most surprising findings about Mayas was that .
A. they developed accurate system measuring time
B. they knew how to build pyramids with stones
C. they deserted their cities and moved to new ones
D. they built cities which they never lived in
【3】At last Mayas disappeared from the world most probably in .
A. a thousand years before 1841
B. around AD 900
C. any year between 1200 and 1517
D. 1200
【4】What brought about Mayan sudden collapse?
A. Tropical germs and diseases.
B. European conquest.
C. Mysterious force from outer space.
D. No one knows for sure.
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【題目】近來時見“又一波霧霾洶涌來襲”“京津冀持續(xù)受霧霾困擾”,以及“中央氣象臺繼續(xù)發(fā)布霾黃色預(yù)警”和“部分地區(qū)有重度霾”等報道,霧霾已嚴(yán)重危害到了人們的身體健康。所以,新修訂的《環(huán)境保護法》,已涉及關(guān)于如何治理霧霾,尤其是霾的問題。
霾和霧有所不同。“霧”是一種自然天象,古人有“薄霧濃云”“霧失樓臺”之類吟詠,從詩畫的角度看,霧柔美、朦朧而神秘。霾就不同了。雖說也是自古就有的一種天象,卻全然無此美感,而且隨著人為因素越來越頻繁地介入,如今已成了一種污染。現(xiàn)代辭書因此釋義為“空氣中因懸浮著大量的煙、塵等微粒而形成的渾濁現(xiàn)象”。按當(dāng)下民間流行的通俗說法,就是PM2.5(細顆粒物)嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)。
霾習(xí)慣上也叫陰霾、灰霾或煙霾,這是霾給人的一種很形象的視覺感受:陰沉沉的,灰蒙蒙的,滿天煙塵。近來竟與“霧”組合成“霧霾”而頻頻見諸報端。詞典中不見“霧霾”這個詞,只有“霾霧”(如《后漢書·郎傳》“霾霧蔽日”)和“風(fēng)霾”(如《魏書·崔光傳》“昨風(fēng)霾暴興”),此外還有“塵霾”“沙霾”“黃霾”等。雖然詞典中不見“霧霾”一詞的身影,但它卻在2013年“榮升”為年度熱詞。
從形式上看,熱詞“霧霾”是舊詞“霾霧”的倒序,但詞義的重心卻因此起了變化。“霾霧”原是“夾雜有塵霾的霧”,中心詞是“霧”;“霧霾”則是“像迷霧一樣的霾”,中心詞就成了“霾”。
“霾”并非新字,早在甲骨文中就已屢見,卜辭有“癸卯卜,王占曰,其霾甲辰”和“貞茲雨不霾”之類的記載,可見霾很早就對人們的生活有影響了。前人對霾的認(rèn)識,從《爾雅》到《康熙字典》乃至20世紀(jì)初編成的《中華大字典》,釋義幾乎是一以貫之的,其中漢劉熙《釋名·釋天》的釋義相對比較全面:“風(fēng)而雨土曰霾。霾,晦也,言如物塵晦之色也。”“雨”在這里讀為yù,作動詞“降下”講,意謂大風(fēng)揚起的塵土從天而下就是霾。因為空中滿是塵土,所以劉熙說霾的天象是“晦”,天色像物體被蒙上了塵土一樣昏暗!稌x書·天文志》說:“凡天地四方昏濛若下塵,十日五日已上,或一月,或一時,雨不沾衣而有土,名曰霾。”可見,滿天塵土的“霾”,與霧不同,可以持續(xù)多日,甚至長達一個月!对贰芬灿兄猎(1340年)臘月“風(fēng)霾蔽都城數(shù)日”的記載。
“霾”字從結(jié)構(gòu)上說,是“從雨貍聲”。義符是“雨”,說明是一種天象無疑。只是為何要叫“霾”?表聲的“貍”是否也有什么特殊含義?
《字匯補·雨部》說:“霾,與埋通,瘞(yì,掩埋)也。”“霾”之塵土蔽物,有似掩埋,所以古籍多有借作“埋”的,如《楚辭·國殤》中“霾兩輪兮縶四馬”之“霾”。“霾”與“埋”是可以互相通用的。“貍”現(xiàn)在的讀音是lí,是“貍”的異體字,指一種野貓。原來的讀音為mái。原來,表示掩埋義的漢字,最初并非“埋”,而是“貍”。據(jù)說,“貍”之有“埋”義,是因為野貓善于藏伏的緣故。后來,又另造“埋”字,于是“貍于草中”就變?yōu)?/span>“埋于土中”,“埋”也由此替代了“貍”,而成為表掩埋義的規(guī)范字。
就“霾”字而言,之所以借“貍”表聲,恐怕也是因為“貍”原有的掩埋義,與“雨塵”義相近的緣故吧。
(選自《咬文嚼字》,略有刪節(jié))
【1】下列關(guān)于原文內(nèi)容的表述,不正確的一項是( )
A.霾是一種天象,它不僅毫無美感,而且由于人為因素的介入,一直被認(rèn)為是一種污染。
B.新修訂的《環(huán)境保護法》已涉及關(guān)于如何治理霧霾的問題,由此可見,霧霾已嚴(yán)重危害到了人們的身體健康。
C.霾習(xí)慣上也叫陰霾、灰霾或煙霾,霾的這些稱號與霾給人的視覺感受有很大關(guān)系。
D.“霧霾”是個新詞,在以前的詞典中見不到它。但“霧霾”近來頻繁見諸報端,并在2013年成為年度熱詞。
【2】下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一項是( )
A.霧與霾雖然同是自然天象,但有所不同,其主要區(qū)別就在于霧柔美朦朧神秘而霾沒有霧的這種美感。
B.熱詞“霧霾”與舊詞“霾霧”,雖然只有次序的顛倒,但詞義重心卻因此起了較大的變化。
C.“霾霧”是“夾雜有塵的霧”,中心詞是“霧”,“霧霾”則是“像迷霧一樣的霾”,中心詞成了“霾”。
D.“霾”在甲骨文中就已屢見,卜辭有“癸卯卜,王占曰,其霾甲辰”的記載。這說明“霾”在商代就影響到人們的生活了。
【3】根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,下列理解和分析不正確的一項是( )
A.《爾雅》《康熙字典》乃至20世紀(jì)初編成的《中華大字典》,它們對“霾”的釋義幾乎是一樣的。
B.《晉書·天文志》說:“凡天地四方昏濛若下塵,十日五日已上……雨不沾衣而有土,名曰霾。”這句話意思是說,“霾”盡管持續(xù)時間長短不同,但塵土中夾雜著未能濕透衣服的小雨。
C.“霾”是個形聲字,義符為“雨”,說明是一種天象,聲符為“貍”,說明“霾”的讀音。
D.“霾”借“貍”表聲,除了取其聲音外,也可能是因為“貍”有掩埋義,與“雨塵”義相近的緣故。
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【題目】【2015年高考新課標(biāo)I卷】下面進中國郵政為保護地球水環(huán)境發(fā)行的郵票中的主體圖形,請寫出構(gòu)圖要素,并說明圖形寓意,要求語意簡明,句子通順,不超過80個字。
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【題目】Why is reading so important? Joseph Addison once said, “Reading is to the mind what exercise is 【1】 the body.” I am sure you 【2】 have heard this quote. Reading is a great hobby, 【3】 makes you discover yourself. Reading good stories can help you solve some problems in your own life. Besides, reading 【4】 sets a good example to younger generations.
Sadly, people nowadays seem to have totally lost interest in this activity. Children are busy with computer games, 【5】 adults use their cell phones or computers to search for information. 【6】 seems that people have forgotten 【7】 importance of reading. Anybody can use the Internet to look for information, but the sources are 【8】 as reliable as a book.
To open a book is always beneficial! Don’t spend all your spare time on the computer screen or cell phones.
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【題目】下面是新疆舉辦的第十三屆全國冬運會的會徽,請寫出構(gòu)圖要素,并說明圖形寓意,要求:語意簡明,句子通順,不超過80個字。
答:________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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