【題目】我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)因遭受酸雨而造成的損失每年高達(dá)15億元。為了有效控制酸雨，目前國務(wù)院已批準(zhǔn)了《酸雨控制區(qū)和二氧化硫污染控制區(qū)劃分方案》等法規(guī)。某實(shí)驗(yàn)小組采集硫酸型酸雨樣品，隨著時(shí)間的推移，多次測定該樣品的pH，得到了表中數(shù)據(jù)：(已知pH越小，溶液的酸性越強(qiáng))

時(shí)間(h)

0

8

16

24

32

40

48

pH

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.0

4.0

(1)酸雨樣品放置時(shí)pH變化的主要原因是(用化學(xué)方程式表示)____________________。

(2)如果將剛?cè)拥纳鲜鏊嵊旰妥詠硭旌�，pH將________(填“增大”“減小”或“不變”)，原因是(用化學(xué)方程式表示)____________________。

(3)你認(rèn)為減少酸雨產(chǎn)生可采取的措施是___________(填字母)。

①少用煤作燃料 ②把工廠煙囪造高 ③燃料脫硫 ④在已酸化的土壤中加石灰 ⑤開發(fā)新能源

A．①②③ B．②③④⑤ C．①③⑤ D．①③④⑤

【答案】(1)SO2+H2OH2SO3，2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO4

(2)減小 H2SO3+Cl2+H2O===2HCl+H2SO4

(3)C

【解析】(1)酸雨放置時(shí)pH變小，其原因是雨水中的H2SO3被空氣中的O2氧化所致。

(2)雨水和自來水混合，應(yīng)考慮H2SO3與自來水中的Cl2發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng)而生成硫酸和鹽酸，使酸性增強(qiáng)。

(3)減少酸雨的形成必須減少SO2排放，將煤轉(zhuǎn)化為清潔能源(如煤的氣化和液化)，燃料脫硫、固硫，開發(fā)不含硫的新能源(如氫能、核能等)，都是有效措施。

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