【題目】下圖為某日部分地區(qū)晝夜示意圖,陰影部分表示黑夜,其余部分表示白晝。讀圖回答問題。
(1)按東、西半球劃分,圖上陰影部分主要位于____半球,此時甲地地方時是_______時。
(2)按南、北半球劃分,此時太陽直射點位于_____半球,太陽直射點的經(jīng)度是________。
(3)該日乙地的白晝時間長約________小時。
(4)如果這一天是農(nóng)歷十五,上海地區(qū)人們還需要等待約_______小時才能看到東邊天際升起的一輪圓月。
(5)如果晨昏線與甲地所在經(jīng)線的夾角為10°,則該日正午時分上海(31°N)世博園場館的太陽能電池板與建筑物外墻面(墻面與地面垂直)之間最合適的夾角約為________。
【答案】(1)西 6
(2)北 60°E
(3)11
(4)2
(5)69°
【解析】試題分析:(1)讀圖,圖中陰影部分表示黑夜,其余部分表示白晝。根據(jù)圖中的經(jīng)度,按東、西半球劃分,20°W以西到160°E是西半球,圖上陰影部分主要位于西半球。此時甲地位于晨線與赤道的交點上,地方時是6時。
(2) 按南、北半球劃分,此時北半球晝長大于夜長,說明太陽直射點位于北半球。根據(jù)圖中甲地位置,位于圖示兩條經(jīng)線中間,是30°W,時刻是6點。太陽直射點的時刻是12點,可以計算出經(jīng)度是60°E。
(3)讀圖,甲地是6點,該日乙地的日出時間是6:30,根據(jù)晝長計算方法,乙地白晝時間長約11小時。
(4)如果這一天是農(nóng)歷十五,上海的緯度與乙地緯度接近,晝長時間與乙地夜長時間相似,可以計算出上海的日落時間約18:30。此時,西2區(qū)區(qū)時6點,北京時間是16點,上海地區(qū)人們至少還需要等待約2小時,才能看到東邊天際升起的一輪圓月。
(5)如果晨昏線與甲地所在經(jīng)線的夾角為10°,則該日太陽直射緯線是10°N,上海(31°N)的正午太陽高度角是69°,世博園場館的太陽能電池板要與太陽光線垂直,效果最好。所以電池板與水平面夾角是21°,與建筑物外墻面(墻面與地面垂直)之間最合適的夾角約為69°。
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