【題目】閱讀圖文材料,完成下列要求。
黃石市是武漢城市圈副中心城市,是全國(guó)資源枯竭轉(zhuǎn)型試點(diǎn)城市,也是國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)的沿江開放城市。黃石市是近代中國(guó)民族工業(yè)的搖籃,境內(nèi)有武九鐵路貫穿,并有大廣、滬渝、福銀、杭瑞四條高速公路交會(huì),還擁有國(guó)家一類水運(yùn)口岸。截至2015年,全市已探明儲(chǔ)量的礦產(chǎn)有37種,其中鐵、銅、金、煤等是優(yōu)勢(shì)礦產(chǎn)。黃石形成了黑色金屬、有色金屬、機(jī)械制造、建材、能源、食品飲料、紡織服裝、化工醫(yī)藥等8大產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。2017年,國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委員會(huì)確定了全國(guó)12個(gè)城市(經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū))建設(shè)首批產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)示范區(qū),黃石市是湖北省唯一一個(gè)入選城市。
(1)簡(jiǎn)述黃石市成為近代中國(guó)民族工業(yè)搖籃的主要條件。
(2)分析近些年黃石市工業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的主要問題。
(3)試為黃石市產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)提出合理化建議。
【答案】(1)礦產(chǎn)資源豐富,原料充足;河湖眾多,水源充足;臨近長(zhǎng)江,水運(yùn)便利;地處長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū),人口稠密,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高,市場(chǎng)廣闊。(答出三點(diǎn))(2)礦產(chǎn)資源儲(chǔ)量減少;產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)單一;產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)層次較低,附加值較低;環(huán)境污染加劇,生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降等 (3)改造升級(jí)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè);大力培育新興產(chǎn)業(yè);因地制宜地發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和旅游業(yè);完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施;加強(qiáng)環(huán)境污染防治,推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理等。(答出四點(diǎn))
【解析】整體分析:早期工業(yè)發(fā)展主要是有優(yōu)勢(shì)自然條件。黃石地區(qū)礦產(chǎn)資源豐富,原料充足,水源充足,水陸交通便利,利于工業(yè)發(fā)展。礦產(chǎn)資源是不可再生資源,總會(huì)出現(xiàn)資源枯竭問題,傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)區(qū),環(huán)境污染問題嚴(yán)重。要調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),治理污染,發(fā)展新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。
(1)根據(jù)材料,黃石地區(qū)礦產(chǎn)資源豐富,原料充足。河湖眾多,水源充足。臨近長(zhǎng)江,水運(yùn)便利,有國(guó)家一類水運(yùn)口岸。地處長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū),人口稠密,有鐵路、公路、水運(yùn)等交通方式,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高,市場(chǎng)廣闊。
(2)礦產(chǎn)資源是不可再生資源,黃石礦產(chǎn)資源儲(chǔ)量減少,面臨資源枯竭問題。以傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)為主,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)單一。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)層次較低,附加值較低。資源開采、冶金等重工業(yè)比重大,環(huán)境污染加劇,生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降等。
(3)黃石市要調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),改造升級(jí)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè),大力培育新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。因地制宜地發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)。完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,加強(qiáng)環(huán)境污染防治,推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理等。
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