Question

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感覺）of warmth encourages emotional warmth. While a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise deeisions – those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists （心理學家）have known that one person’s feelings of another’s “warmth”is a powerful factor in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is an important thing needed to be thought about carefully. Even there are studies showing that a “cold” person may be more skillful. Much of this is deep into very early childhood experiences. Bargh argues, when babies’ sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, especially warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “ mother ” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to give strength to the need for warm physical touch from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “ warmth ” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those sensations influence judgment in many countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh did an experiment in which 41 college students took part in. A research assistant handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that. The students were asked to rate （評估）the personality of “Person A” based on the description. Those who had just held the warm drink thought Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

56. According to Paragraph 1. a person’s emotion may be affected by _______.

A. the visitors to his office

B. the psychology lessons he has

C. his physical feeling of coldness

D. the things he has bought online

57. The writer mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that _______.

A. adults should develop social skills

B. babies need warm physical touch

C. caregivers should be healthy adults

D. monkeys have social relationships

58. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. feelings of warmth and coldness are studies worldwide

B. social skills do not come from physical experiences

C. physical temperature influences how we see others

D. skillful persons are often cold to others

59. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

C. Experiments of Personal Emotion.

D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

Answer 1

56. C 　57. B 58. C　　　　　　 59. D