Researchers(研究者) say that nearly two thirds of children don’t get enough 
sleep, and this can make them nervous and slower at school. So how long should young people sleep each night? The answer is between 8 and 10 hours. If you don’t get enough sleep at night, you’ll have less energy the next day.
A report shows that children sleep less because they have TVs and computers in their rooms, and busy parents don’t read to their younger children at night any more. The traditional “bedtime story” helps children to relax and fall asleep peacefully. Children with TVs and computers in their bedrooms were more likely to sleep badly, and to get less than eight hours sleep. Even losing one hour’s sleep a night can mean that children do worse than usual at school.
British scientists think that your brain(大腦) keeps working while you’re asleep. To show that they were right, they gave two groups of people a problem to work out. One group went to sleep, and the other group stayed awake. You want to know the result? The people who slept worked out the answer more quickly. Researchers explained that their brains were trying to find the answer while the people were asleep. So, make sure you get enough sleep tonight, and you’ll be at your best tomorrow!
40. Why is sleep good for your health?
A. Sleeping helps you eat less.
B. Sleeping makes you need less energy.
C. Sleep is good for the brain as well as the body.
D. You can solve more problems while you are sleeping.
41. What happens to children at school if they don’t get enough sleep?
A. They can’t run faster. B. They do less well at school.
C. They walk more slowly. D. They will be afraid of learning.
42. How does a bedtime story help children get a good night?
A. Children get to sleep earlier.
B. Children have more energy.
C. Children feel it helpful to relax.
D. Children become more interested in stories.
43. What did the British scientists’ experiment show?
A. Parents should read bedtime stories.
B. Sleep helps children learn to tell more stories.
C. Losing sleep means children don’t learn well.
D. Your brain is still working while you are sleeping.
科目：初中英語 來源：2011年廣東省茂名市中考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
A fish that lives in America can live out. of water for months at a time, similar to how animals got used to land millions of years ago, a new study shows.
The Mangrove Rivulus, a kind of little fish, lives in small pools of water. When their living place dries up, they live. on the land, said Scott Taylor, a researcher in Florida.
The fish can grow as large as three inches. They group together and breathe air through their skin before they can find water again.
The new scientific discovery came during a trip.
"We were travelling for fun. and one day I kicked over a log (圓木) and the fish came out," Taylor told reporters by telephone. He said he would make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year.
In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating.
Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time. The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time, while lungfish(肺魚) found in Australia, Africa and South America can live out of water, but only in a not active(活波的)way. But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and keep active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at a Canadian University.
More studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.
"These animals live in conditions similar to those millions of years ago, when animals began to move from water onto land," Wright said.
【小題1】The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that_________.
| A．lives on land in Africa |
| B．can stay alive for months out of water |
| C．prefers living in dry places |
| D．is the longest living fish on earth |
| A．breathe through its skin | B．be found in Asia |
| C．keep alive out of water | D．keep alive and walk on land |
| A．The Mangrove Rivulus fish can live out of water as long as other animals if it has something to eat. |
| B．Millions of years ago, animals began to live onto land from water. |
| C．Lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can live out of water in a not active way. |
| D．The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time. |
| A．ft was made by Scott Taylor, a researcher in New york. |
| B．It was helped by an American magazine. |
| C．It was helped by Patricia Wright. |
| D．It was made by a researcher while travelling. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2010年江蘇省泗洪縣實驗中學(xué)初二上學(xué)期期中考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.
Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It’s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.
“It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness,” said the study’s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.
In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.
In this study, Cohen’s interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. Buy for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.
Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.
【小題1】 Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?
| A．People talked about their feelings every day. |
| B．People were kept alone for six days. |
| C．People were given colds by doctors. |
| D．People were made to feel unhappy. |
| A．People who felt happy never got ill. |
| B．People’s feelings didn’t influence their health. |
| C．People with good feelings became ill more easily. |
| D．People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses.. |
| A．Eating. |
| B．Crying. |
| C．Laughing. |
| D．Sleeping. |
| A．a(chǎn)dvertisement |
| B．newspaper report |
| C．story |
| D．scientist’s diary |
| A．Smiles can fight colds |
| B．Cause of colds found |
| C．The danger of colds |
| D．How people get sick |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2013屆江蘇省無錫市惠山區(qū)九年級下學(xué)期期中考試英語卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes (態(tài)度) surprisingly shows that their family life is happier than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just how positive (積極的) today’s young people seem to be about their families,” said one member of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious（叛逆的）and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds; they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat.”
So it seems that these parents are much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says 17-year-old Daniel LaSalle. “I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. When they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.” Susan Cromer, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call talk or discussion. For example, when I’d done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion（叛逆）is not based on real facts. A researcher explains, “Teenagers were thought to be different from others in a part of time in our social history. But to our surprise, they say they are getting on well with their parents. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled.”
【小題1】The study shows that teenagers don’t want to ______________________.
| A．share family duties | B．cause trouble in their families |
| C．go boating with their family | D．make family decisions |
| A．go to clubs more often with their children | B．a(chǎn)re much stricter with their children |
| C．care less about their children’s life | D．give their children more freedom |
| A．may be a wrong opinion | B．is common at present |
| C．lived only in the 1960s | D．was caused by changes in families |
| A．Discussion in family. | B．Teenage education in family. |
| C．Harmony in family. | D．Teenage trouble in family. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年河南省鄭州市九年級第六次模擬考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
According to some predictions, human beings will die out in 2012. Nearly all people think it’s impossible, but there are some more earthquakes in recent years.
Animals can predict the weather or other natural events. It may sound strange, but farmers living in the countryside think so. For hundreds of years , they have observed animals.
“Animals ’ behavior can be connected to future weather conditions or events.” They say. For example, if cows lie down, a rainstorm is coming. There are many traditional stories connecting animals and natural events. Many people think that these stories don’t have scientific evidence( 根據(jù) ) at all. Scientists, however, are beginning to take another look at some of these ideas.
A Japanese earthquake researcher named Kiyoshi Shimamura noticed an increase in dog bites a short time before earthquake hit. Then he did research on twelve public health centers in Kobe, Japan. These health centers treated people after the 1995 earthquake . He got some interesting information about the month before the big earthquake: treatment for animals’ bites had increased . In fact, aggressive(侵略的)behavior in dogs, such as biting and barking loudly , jumped 60 percent.
There are also other changes in animals’ behavior before the earthquake. For example, fish began swimming together in large groups , but only in the middle of the water and not near the edges. Birds flew away from their nests for many days, leaving their eggs unprotected . These animals’ behavior suggests that animals may be able to predict natural events better than people.
1.What would cows behave before a rainstorm?
A．Running B．Biting C．Lying down D．Sleeping
2.What do dogs begin to do just before an earthquake?
A．They leave their homes. B．They hurt people.
C．They lie down in grass. D．They stay together in large groups.
3.Which of the following animals behave strangely before an earthquake according to this passage?
A．Fish B．Cows C．Pigs D．All of the above.
4.In Kiyoshi Shimamura’s investigation(調(diào)查)，before the big earthquake, treatment for animals’ bites had _________.
A．disappeared B．increased C．been the same as before. D．never changed.
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Natural events and animals’ actions.
B．What animals do during earthquakes
C．Many earthquakes of Japan.
D．Some stories about animals.
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年江蘇省實驗學(xué)校九年級3月適應(yīng)性練習(xí)英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(確保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically(生物學(xué)上)these sleepyhead(貪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.
“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的)sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.
Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).
Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.
Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice---their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.
All of this makes the transfer(遷移)from middle school to high school---which may start one hour earlier in the morning----all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”
1.Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because _______.
A．it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime
B．it is biologically difficult for students to rise early
C．students work so late at night that they can’t get up early
D．students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early
2.The underlined phrase nod off most probably means _______.
A．turn around B．a(chǎn)gree with others C．fall asleep D．refuse to work
3.What might be a reason for the hard transfer from middle school to high school?
A．Adolescents depend more on their parents.
B．Adolescents have to choose their sleep patterns.
C．Adolescents sleep better than they did at childhood.
D．Adolescents need more sleep than they used to.
4.What is the test mainly about?
A．Adolescent health care.
B．Problems in adolescent learning.
C．Adolescent sleep difficulties.
D．Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns.
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