Question

【題目】Have you ever heard of the expression “birdbrain”? People use it to talk about someone who is stupid, but crows(烏鴉) show that this is unfair. Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies (類推法).

It was once thought that only humans could understand analogies, which help us to solve problems creatively.

To test this ability in animals, scientists do RMTS tests. If a pair was AA, for example, picking BB to match it would be correct. If the pair was CD, however, then EF would be correct.

Monkeys have learned RMTS, but scientists wanted to know if crows could do it, too. An international team led by Edward Wasserman from the US first trained two crows to match things by color, shape and number in what is called IMTS, then moved onto RMTS.

For the IMTS test, the birds were put in a cage with a plate that had three cards and two cups in it. The card in the middle was the sample (樣本), while the other wasn’t. The cup with the card that matched the sample card had some food to eat.

In the second part of the experiment, the birds were tested with RMTS tests. A card with two same-sized circles, for example, meant they should pick the test card with two same-sized squares and not two different-sized circles (圓). The birds did well in the more difficult test and picked the correct card more than three quarters of the time, Science News reports.

Wasserman was surprised that crows were able to solve the problem without any training in RMTS. “What the crows have done is surprising,” he said.

So perhaps it’s time to stop saying “birdbrain” for good.

【1】In the opening paragraph, the writer used “birdbrain” to .

A. teach people how to use this expression

B. introduce a famous scientist Edward Wasserman

C. introduce recent findings about crows’ intelligence (智力)

D. get readers interested in the background of the expression

【2】The underlined phrase “this ability” in the 3rd paragraph refers to .

A. the ability to play cards

B. the ability to find food to eat

C. the ability to understand analogies

D. the ability to pick the test card

【3】In the RMTS test, if the birds were given the sample like this, which card should they pick?

A. B. C. D.

【4】Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A. Monkeys understand analogies.

B. Crows show how clever they are.

C. Crows did well in RMTS.

D. Monkeys are cleverer than crows.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

試題分析：本文介紹了烏鴉會(huì)類推法。RMTS的科學(xué)家介紹如果一組圖形是AA模式，選擇BB模式是對(duì)的，如果是CD模式，選擇EF模式是對(duì)的。在RMTS測(cè)試中，如果烏鴉被給兩個(gè)一樣大的圓的圖片，它們會(huì)選帶有同樣大的三角形的圖片�？茖W(xué)家驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練的烏鴉也能在RMTS測(cè)試中解決這個(gè)問題。

【1】C推理判斷題。根據(jù) People use it to talk about someone who is stupid, but crows(烏鴉) show that this is unfair. Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies (類推法).可知在文章開頭提到人們用“birdbrain”表示“白癡”，但是烏鴉證明這種說法是不公平的，烏鴉理解類推法，這是要介紹烏鴉的智商高。故選C。

【2】C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù) Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies (類推法).可知烏鴉的這種能力指的是類推法，故選C。

【3】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)A card with two same-sized circles, for example, meant they should pick the test card with two same-sized squares and not two different-sized circles (圓). The birds did well in the more difficult test and picked the correct card more than three quarters of the time, Science News reports.可知在RMTS測(cè)試中，如果烏鴉被給兩個(gè)一樣大的圓的圖片，它們會(huì)選帶有同樣大的三角形的圖形，故選B。

【4】B標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies (類推法).可知烏鴉理解類推法，因此全文在介紹烏鴉是多么的聰明。故選B。