如圖所示,AOB為一輕質(zhì)杠桿(杠桿自重忽略不計)O為支點,OA=OB,在杠桿的B端掛一重20N的重物,要使杠桿平衡,則在A端施加的力下至少為    N。如果在A端施加一個豎直向下的力,要使杠桿平衡,這個力為     N。
20,40

試題分析:已知點A是動力作用點,只需找出最長動力臂,阻力和阻力臂一定,根據(jù)杠桿平衡條件求出在A端施加的最小力;如果在A端施加一個豎直向下的力,先確定動力臂大小,阻力和阻力臂不變,根據(jù)杠桿平衡條件求出在A端施加的力.(1)如下圖,若在A點施力F,阻力臂為LOB,當(dāng)F的方向與杠桿垂直時動力臂最大,此時最省力,
∵杠桿平衡,
∴F×LOA=G×LOB,
∵LOA=LOB,G=20N,
∴F=G=20N;

(2)如下圖,如果在A端施加一個豎直向下的力,動力臂為LOC,阻力臂為LOB,在Rt△OAC中,LOC=OA×cos60°=OA,
∵杠桿平衡,
∴F′×LOC=G×LOB,
即:F′×LOC=G×LOB,
∵LOC=OA,LOA=LOB,G=20N,
∴F′=40N.

點評:解決本題的關(guān)鍵是熟知杠桿平衡條件,能確定兩種情況下動力臂的大。á僖钚恿,關(guān)鍵是找到動力作用點A到支點O的最長動力臂;②知道動力方向,畫出力臂,確定其大小)是本題的關(guān)鍵.
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