解:(1)原式=12+18-7-15
=8;
(2)原式=-6-8
=-14;
(3)原式=
÷
-
×16
=
×
-
=
-
=-
;
(4)原式=1×5+16÷4
=5+4
=9;
(5)原式=-8×
×
=-8;
(6)原式=-1-
×(2-9)
=-1+
=
.
分析:(1)首先去掉括號(hào),然后計(jì)算加減即可;
(2)首先計(jì)算乘法,然后計(jì)算加法即可求解;
(3)首先去掉絕對(duì)值符號(hào),計(jì)算括號(hào)內(nèi)的數(shù),計(jì)算乘方,然后計(jì)算乘法,最后計(jì)算加減即可;
(4)首先計(jì)算乘方,然后計(jì)算乘除,最后計(jì)算加減即可;
(5)首先計(jì)算乘方,把除法轉(zhuǎn)化成乘法,最后計(jì)算乘法即可求解;
(6)首先計(jì)算乘方,計(jì)算括號(hào)內(nèi)的數(shù),最后計(jì)算加減即可.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題考查的是有理數(shù)的運(yùn)算能力,注意:
(1)要正確掌握運(yùn)算順序,在混合運(yùn)算中要特別注意運(yùn)算順序:先三級(jí),后二級(jí),再一級(jí);有括號(hào)的先算括號(hào)里面的;同級(jí)運(yùn)算按從左到右的順序;
(2)去括號(hào)法則:--得+,-+得-,++得+,+-得-.
(3)整式中如果有多重括號(hào)應(yīng)按照先去小括號(hào),再去中括號(hào),最后大括號(hào)的順序進(jìn)行.