現(xiàn)有80 g質(zhì)量分數(shù)為10%的硝酸鈉溶液,試回答下列問題:
(1)上述硝酸鈉溶液中含溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為 g,溶劑的質(zhì)量為 g;
(2)若向上述溶液中加入20 g水,則所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù) ;
(3)若向上述溶液中加入20 g硝酸鈉,則所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為 ;
(4)若使上述溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)變?yōu)?0%,則應加入硝酸鈉 g;
(5)若使上述溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)變?yōu)?0%,則應蒸發(fā)水 g;
(6)若使上述溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)變?yōu)?%,則應加水 g.
【答案】
分析:根據(jù)公式:溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100% 一一計算即可.
解答:解:(1)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=80×10%=8g,
溶劑質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量-溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=80g-8g=72g,
故答案為:8g 72g.
(2)由(1)可知溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量為8g,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%=
×100%=8%,
故答案為8%;
(3)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%=
×100%=28%,
故答案為28%;
(4)設需加入硝酸鈉的質(zhì)量為x,則根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%得:
×100%=20%,
解得,x=10
故答案為:10;
(5)設應蒸發(fā)水的質(zhì)量x,則根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%得:
80×10%=(80-X)×20%
解得,x=40g
故答案為:40;
(6)設應加入水的質(zhì)量x,則根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%得:
×100%=5%
解得,x=80g
故答案為:80.
點評:同學們要會根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%靈活計算,要特別注意,溶液質(zhì)量=溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量+溶劑質(zhì)量.