食鹽是維持人體正常生理活動必不可少的物質(zhì).人體細(xì)胞中約含有NaCl 0.9%,一般成年人每日需NaCl的量為4.5g~9g.
(1)某病人因食鹽攝入量不足,需要補(bǔ)充溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)約為0.9%的生理鹽水,醫(yī)生通過診斷需為他注射200g生理鹽水,則該病人每天可補(bǔ)充食鹽約________g.
(2)若用50g溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為18%的氯化鈉溶液配制溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.9%的生理鹽水,需加水________g.
(3)小明想檢驗?zāi)称可睇}水的氯化鈉含量是否合格,他從該瓶生理鹽水中取出65g溶液,然后加入足量硝酸銀溶液,充分反應(yīng)后過濾、洗滌、干燥,得到1.435g沉淀.請你通過計算幫助小明判斷這瓶生理鹽水的氯化鈉含量是否合格.
解:(1)根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=200g×0.9%=1.8g
故答案為1.8g.
(2)根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=50g×18%=9g
配制溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.9%的生理鹽水的溶液質(zhì)量=
=
=1000g
1000g-50g=950g
故答案為:950g.
(3)(6分)設(shè)該生理鹽水的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為x(0.5分)
NaCl+AgNO
3═AgCl↓+NaNO
3(2分)
58 143
x 1.435
∴
=
解之得x≈0.58g
×100%≈0.9%
答:這瓶生理鹽水的氯化鈉含量合格.
分析:(1)分析題意可知,該病人每天可補(bǔ)充食鹽的質(zhì)量,就是200g生理鹽水的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量,題中已知溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),則根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)公式即可求出溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量;
(2)分析題意可知,由溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為18%的氯化鈉溶液配制溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.9%的生理鹽水,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變,計算出配制溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.9%的生理鹽水的溶液質(zhì)量,減去原有的50g溶液質(zhì)量,就是需加水的質(zhì)量;
(3)由化學(xué)方程式可以得出各物質(zhì)間的質(zhì)量比,由比例式可求出溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)公式可以求出溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),再與生理鹽水的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)對比,即可知是否合格.
點評:本題主要考查學(xué)生對溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的計算能力,學(xué)生需根據(jù)已知條件,認(rèn)真分析,并能舉一反三,才能正確答題.