② ③(或③和②)
分析:①運用硝酸鉀的溶解度隨溫度升高而增大,升高溫度硝酸鉀的飽和溶液雖能變?yōu)椴伙柡腿芤旱苜|(zhì)質(zhì)量和溶液質(zhì)量都不變,結(jié)合溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%可知升高溫度溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不變,但加入硝酸鉀晶體能溶解所以溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量增大溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)增大解答.
②運用加入少量的水,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量沒變,溶液質(zhì)量增大,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)減小解答.
③運用降低溫度溶質(zhì)硝酸鉀會結(jié)晶析出,溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量減小,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)減。
④蒸發(fā)溶劑溶質(zhì)會結(jié)晶析出,但溫度不變還是室溫下的硝酸鉀的飽和溶液,飽和溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%,溶解度不變飽和溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不變解答.
解答:①硝酸鉀的溶解度隨溫度升高而增大,升高溫度硝酸鉀的飽和溶液雖能變?yōu)椴伙柡腿芤旱苜|(zhì)質(zhì)量和溶液質(zhì)量都不變,結(jié)合溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%可知升高溫度溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不變,但加入硝酸鉀晶體能溶解所以溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量增大溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)增大,①方法不可行..
②加入少量的水,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量沒變,溶液質(zhì)量增大,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)減小,此方法可行.
③降低溫度溶質(zhì)硝酸鉀會結(jié)晶析出,溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量減小,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)減小,此方法可行.
④蒸發(fā)溶劑溶質(zhì)會結(jié)晶析出,但溫度不變還是室溫下的硝酸鉀的飽和溶液,飽和溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%,溶解度不變飽和溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不變,此方法不可行.
故答案:②和③(或③和②)
點評:本題考查了降低溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的方法,要注意:首先加入溶劑一定可行;改變溫度要看溶質(zhì)的溶解度的隨溫度的變化情況,溶解度隨溫度升高而增大的不會析出晶體溶劑的量不變?nèi)苜|(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)就不變,溶解度隨溫度升高而減小的溶質(zhì)會析出溶劑量不變?nèi)苜|(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)減。