【題目】 2015年10月,我國全面放開二孩政策。只要是合法的夫妻就享有生育二胎的權(quán)利,不再受“單獨二孩”政策或“雙獨二孩”政策的限制。然而,國家統(tǒng)計局2019年1月發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2018年較2017年人口出生數(shù)量減少了200萬,人口自然增長率下降到3.81‰。
據(jù)此回答下列小題。
【1】我國制定人口政策的依據(jù)是 ( )
A.人口越多越好,人口越多經(jīng)濟發(fā)展越快
B.人口越少越好,人口越少經(jīng)濟發(fā)展效率越高
C.人口發(fā)展要與國家的經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展相適應(yīng)
D.人口發(fā)展要與國家人民生育的意愿相適應(yīng)
【2】從近兩年的數(shù)據(jù)看,我國目前的人口數(shù)量 ( )
A.增長迅速B.增長變緩C.逐漸減少D.保持不變
【3】人口增長過快或過慢,長此下去都會帶來一定的社會問題。如果人口增長過緩,可能帶來的問題是 ( )
A.新生兒數(shù)量增多,社會負擔過重B.老齡人口增加,社會負擔過重
C.新生兒數(shù)量減少,社會消費水平下降D.老齡人口減少,環(huán)境質(zhì)量變差
【答案】
【1】C
【2】B
【3】B
【解析】
根據(jù)我國是世界上人口最多的國家,人口過多帶來一系列社會問題,實行計劃生育以來,取得了成效,我國人口增速放緩,但也面臨著養(yǎng)老負擔加重等問題,進行分析解答。
【1】世界上的人口不能無節(jié)制地增長,人口的增長應(yīng)與資源、環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào),與社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相適應(yīng)。中國是人口控制的成功典范。中國大力推行計劃生育政策,在很大程度上減輕了人口對資源和環(huán)境的壓力;結(jié)合題意。故選:C。
【2】我國推行計劃生育政策以來,人口過快增長的勢頭得到有效遏制,因為我國人口基數(shù)大,增長快,每年新增人口仍達1000多萬,在今后一段較長的時期內(nèi),人口總量還將持續(xù)增長,但人口增長速度下降;結(jié)合題意。故選:B。
【3】我國人口增長過多過快,給社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展造成很大壓力,使居民的就業(yè)、居住、教育、醫(yī)療等問題難以解決;在歐洲的一些國家,近些年來新生兒數(shù)量減少,老齡人口增加,人口一直處于負增長狀態(tài),已引起勞動力短缺、人口老齡化、社會負擔過重等問題;結(jié)合題意。故選:B。
考查我國面臨的人口問題。
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