【題目】近年來我國地震不斷,造成了重大人員傷亡和財產損失,給社會和人們的正常生產、生活帶來巨大的沖擊,請完成下面小題.
【1】地震發(fā)生時,正確的自救和互救措施能夠極大限度地減少自己及其周圍人的傷害,下列避震方法正確的是( 。
①在家里可躲在床、桌子底下 ②在劇院一樓應迅速離開劇院,到室外開闊的空地
③在室外要遠離高層建筑、煙囪、橋梁等 ④在教室里可躲在書桌下或墻角處.
A. ①②③④B. ①②③C. ②③④D. ①②④
【2】人們常說“禍不單行”,伴隨著地震的發(fā)生,往往產生的次生地質災害有可能是( 。
A. 水土流失B. 土地沙化C. 洪澇災害D. 滑坡
【答案】
【1】A
【2】D
【解析】
根據(jù)發(fā)生地震時的逃生和自救常識分析;不同的地質作用發(fā)生的地質災害,可分為兩大類,地球內力作用引發(fā)的稱為內動力地質災害,如地震、火山、地熱害等。地球外部動力引發(fā)的稱為外動力地質災害,如滑坡、泥石流、崩塌等,進行分析解答。
【1】當?shù)卣饋砼R時,要保持清醒、冷靜的頭腦,及時將身邊的書包或柔軟的物品頂在頭上;有時間時快速離開教室,跑到空曠地方去;來不及外逃時,雙手抱頭躲避在衛(wèi)生間墻角或堅實的家具下,亦可轉移到承重墻較多、面積較小的房間內。故選:A。
【2】地震次生災害是指:由于強烈地震使山體崩塌,形成滑坡,泥石流;震后流行瘟疫;易燃易爆物的引燃造成火災、爆炸或由于管道破壞造成毒氣泄漏以及細菌和放射性物質擴散對人畜生命威脅等等;根據(jù)題意,選項D符合。故選:D。
本題考查地震災害的自救措施及對次生地質災害的理解。
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