【題目】閱讀材料,回答問題。
材料一 訴諸武力的辦法是由英王選擇的,北美大陸已接受了這個挑戰(zhàn)。
材料二 我們以這些殖民地的善良人民的名義和權力,謹莊嚴宣告:這些聯(lián)合殖民地從此成為.而且名正言順地應當成為自由獨立的聯(lián)合國,它們解除對于英王的一切隸屬關系,而它們與大不列顛王國之間的一切政治聯(lián)系也應從此完全廢止。
材料三 第一條 … … 在權利方面,人們生來而且始終是自由平等的。
第三條 整個主權的本原主要是寄托于國民… …。全國公民都有權親身或經(jīng)其代表去參預法律的制定,… …在法律面前,所有公民都是平等的。
請回答:
問題一:材料一中“訴諸武力”是指什么歷史事件?其爆發(fā)的標志是什么?
問題二:材料二中這段話摘自何時頒布的什么文件?其頒布標志著什么?
問題三:材料三是法國大革命中發(fā)表的什么文獻?它反映了什么思想?
【答案】(1)美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭;來克星頓的槍聲
(2)1776.7;《獨立宣言》;標志美利堅合眾國誕生
(3)《人權宣言》;啟蒙思想;
【解析】(1)根據(jù)材料一的內容可知,“訴諸武力”指的是美國的獨立戰(zhàn)爭;依據(jù)所學知識可知,1775年來克星頓的槍聲標志著美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)。
(2)根據(jù)材料二的內容可知,這是1776年7月4日美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭時期頒布的《獨立宣言》,他的 發(fā)表標志著美利堅合眾國誕生。
(3)根據(jù)材料三的內容可知,這是出自1789年法國大革命時期頒布的《人權宣言》;依據(jù)所學知識可知,法國大革命受啟蒙運動的影響,所以《人權宣言》反映了啟蒙思想。
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